Q: Why is there a week when one does not take "the pill" as a contraceptive, or why is there a week of placebo? Answer: The week allows menstruation to occur. The pill is a mix of estrogen and progesterone. The high levels of progesterone cause levels of GnRH to fall, and thereby halting FSH and LH, and without FSH, no more egg development (halting oogenesis). This means that eggs will not be released from the ovaries, however, high levels of progesterone leads to development of the endometrium (uterine lining). The week "break" from the pill means progesterone levels crash, and the endometrium layer begins to break up (menstruation). Click here to read full details at Wikipedia!
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Q: Where are the 4 bonds of carbon in a simplified drawing of a steroid? Answer: Many drawings of a steroid neglect the hydrogens (H's) that are present within the molecule. Here is a molecule of "gonane", the simplest of steroids. In this image, all H's are shown and the 4 fused carbon rings are numbered. In many instances, the H's are "hidden" (ie. not drawn). This is similar to carbon which appears at the corners of structural drawings of molecules. If you count the bonds around any one carbon, such as from any corner position, and you arrive at a number less than 4, then you know there is at least one H. All carbon atoms must have 4 bonds associated with them....if you count fewer than 4, the rest are "invisible" hydrogens... Try it with this molecule of cholesterol; happy counting! Q: Is coconut oil saturated or unsaturated? Answer: You were right Patricia! According to Wikipedia, coconut oil is mainly saturated fat, and most of it's composition is a type of saturated fat called 'lauric acid'. "Coconut oil, or copra oil, is an edible oil extracted from the kernel or meat of mature coconuts harvested from the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). It has various applications as food or in cosmetics. Because of its high saturated fat content, it is slow to oxidize and, thus, resistant to rancidification, lasting up to six months at 24 °C (75 °F) without spoiling.[1]" (Wikipedia, 2015). Wellness Mama shows 101 uses for coconut oil! Wikipedia does continue to suggest that consumption of coconut oil, while trendy, is not recommended as it contains a very high percentage of saturated fat... Many health organizations advise against the consumption of coconut oil due to its high levels of saturated fat, including the United StatesFood and Drug Administration,[2] World Health Organization,[3] International College of Nutrition,[4] the United States Department of Health and Human Services,[5] American Dietetic Association,[6] American Heart Association,[7] British National Health Service,[8] and Dietitians of Canada.[9] Coconut oil contains a large proportion of lauric acid, a saturated fat that raises total blood cholesterol levels by increasing both the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.[31] Although this may create a more favorable total blood cholesterol profile, this does not exclude the possibility that persistent consumption of coconut oil may increase the risk ofcardiovascular disease through other mechanisms, particularly via the marked increase on blood cholesterol by lauric acid.[31] Because the majority of saturated fat in coconut oil is lauric acid,[31] coconut oil may be preferred over partially hydrogenated vegetable oil when solid fats are used in the diet.[32] Q: How does hail form? Answer: My class explanation was right! Here are more details from the Agency Hail Suppression website... For the hail precipitation formation, the following conditions are necessary:
Q: Can you get blockages within the lymphatic system?
Q: What is "hemangioma"? As usual, Wikipedia to the rescue!!! A hemangioma is a benign and usually self-involuting tumor (swelling or growth) of the endothelial cells that line blood vessels that is characterised by increased number of normal or abnormal vessels filled with blood. It usually appears in the first weeks of life and grows most rapidly over the first six months. Usually, growth is complete and involution has commenced by twelve months. Half of all infantile hemangiomas have completed involution by age five, 70% by age seven, and most of the remainder by age twelve.[1] In more severe cases hemangiomas may leave residual tissue damage. In infancy, it is the most common tumor.[2] The word "hemangioma" comes from the Greek haema- (αίμα), "blood"; angeio (αγγείο), "vessel"; -oma (-ωμα), "tumor". Q: What is a mast cell? From Wikipedia... A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte[1]) is derived from the myeloid stem cell. It is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, defense against pathogens, and blood–brain barrier function.[2][3] The mast cell is very similar in both appearance and function to the basophil, another type of white blood cell. Although mast cells were once thought to be tissue resident basophils, it has been shown that the two cells develop from different hematopoietic lineages and thus cannot be the same cells. The race to create synthetic blood is on! In fact, Dr. Jahr of the University of California suggests, "blood substitutes have been tested and thought-about for probably 100 years". Popular mechanics has a brief and enlightening take on the top 5 most promising ventures into mass production of synthetic blood.
Q: Is there a cure for Hepatitis? Answer: Maybe. It depends on the type. From "Web MD"...
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May 2016
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